Rocco Petrone was an engineer and served in the US Army for twenty years, and was part of the team that developed the Redstone rocket, which was repurposed and used to launch Mercury capsules, and as such the Redstone was responsible for putting the first American astronauts into space. In 1960, Petrone wasseconded to NASA. There, Petrone presided over the development ofSaturn V launch operations, dubbing the period of preparation leading up to each launch "five-month marathons". He oversaw construction of all the launch elements of the Apollo program at re, includingLaunch Complex 39, theVertical Assembly Building, and theCrawler-Transporter, all of which were later modified forSpace Shuttle operations. After his retirement from the U.S. Army in 1966 he continued to work for NASA as a civilian, being promoted to director of launch operations at KSC in July 1966. In September 1969, shortly after the Apollo 11 mission, he was appointed director of the entire Apollo program at NASA Headquarters. In 1972, Petrone was assigned additional responsibilities as program director of the NASA portion of the U.S. and theSoviet Union jointApollo-Soyuz Test Project.
From 1973 to 1974, Petrone served for one year as the first non-German administrator of theMarshall Space Flight Center, afterWernher von Braun andEberhard Rees. At the time NASA was undergoing budget cutbacks, and his tenure was marked with many reassignments or firings.
In 1974, Petrone left the Marshall Centre to accept an appointment at NASA Headquarters, assuming the post of NASA Associate Administrator, the third-highest ranking official within the agency